The number of Governments that have existed at some point in time is big one, but today an absolute monarchy, a constitutional monarchy, a direct democracy, and an authoritarian Government will be highlighted. Government is an important part of countries, and out of the many civilizations in the world there are many kinds of Government.
Absolute Monarchy was a Government with a sovereign leader who came into power by marriage or offspring; they had complete control with no limitations from constitution or law. They were considered the head of state and head of Government. Although it is very clear that Monarchs of Absolute Monarchies are free to do anything with their authority that they want, patterns in history have proved that to achieve true Absolute Monarchy, the support of others was necessary.
Monarchs were often influenced by or shared power with other interests. The church was incredibly influential, and some power was shared with the clergy because of their strong influence on the citizens. Nobility could play a role as well. If there was enough opposition on something the Monarch did, power could be reduced.
There was no other power than him - meaning there were no legislative, judicial, or executive powers. No matter what he said, even if it was sentencing someone to death, it was final. The Czars of Russia are another great example; until , the Czars had complete power over their subjects. The idea of Divine Right and the power of the Czars was so deeply relevant in their history and culture that it took a long time for absolutism to be abolished.
However, an Absolute Monarchy does not exist anymore, but the format of a Monarchy still remains. With a Constitutional Monarchy, an elected or hereditary Monarch is the head of state not a sole source of power.
There is a also Government that works along with the Queen or King. A majority of Constitutional Monarchies have a parliamentary system where the Monarch is the head of state, but there is a Prime Minister as head of Government. To be clear - even though it is called a Limited Monarchy the Monarch still has power; they are the head of the executive branch. In a monarchy, an individual from the royal family holds the position of power until they die. Today, the majority of monarchy governments have transitioned to constitutional monarchies , where the monarch is head of state but only performs ceremonial roles and does not have state power.
Only a few countries still have systems where the monarch retains control; these include Brunei , Oman, Saudi Arabia and Swaziland. Communism A communist government system is usually based on a particular ideology of communism taught by Karl Marx or Vladimir Lenin. A single party or group of people usually runs communist states.
In some cases, citizens of a communist state are given certain jobs or life duties in an effort to obtain collective citizenship for the state. Examples of communist states include China, Cuba and Vietnam. Dictatorship In a dictatorship, a single person, a dictator , has absolute power over the state. It is not necessarily ruled by a theology or belief.
It is an authoritarian form of government where one person is in charge of enforcing and enacting the law. Three: keep the team small. The greater the size of the royal family, the greater the risk that one of its members may get into trouble and cause reputational damage; and the greater the risk of criticism about excessive cost, and too many hangers-on.
And in Sweden last year the King, under political and parliamentary pressure, removed five of his grandchildren from the royal family. But the size of the royal family will vary depending on the size of the country concerned. The UK, with a population more than ten times that of Norway, needs a larger royal family to fulfil all the demands for royal patronage and visits. Four: Understand better the plight of the minor royals, allow them a means of escape and equip them to enter careers commensurate with their abilities.
They lead lives of great privilege, but lack fundamental freedoms: the right to privacy and family life which ordinary citizens take for granted, free choice of careers, freedom to marry whom they like. The strict rules on marriage have caused grief to younger Princes in Sweden , to Princess Margaret in the UK, and led to Dutch Princes and Princesses being removed from the line of succession.
Their privacy is frequently invaded by paparazzi, gossip magazines and the tabloid press. Their choice of careers is limited: if they seek to earn a living in business or the professions they risk being accused of exploiting their title for commercial gain.
The most high profile recent case of people opting out in order to gain more of a private life is that of Harry and Meghan, Duke and Duchess of Sussex. In January they announced that they would withdraw from royal duties, drop their royal titles, receive no more public funding, and seek to become financially self-sufficient. Five: although hereditary, the monarchy is accountable, just like any other public institution. The most high profile example is King Juan Carlos of Spain, now in exile and the subject of prosecutorial investigations.
But he is not alone: other monarchs who stepped out of line have also lost their thrones. When King Juan Carlos abdicated in , he was not required by the Spanish government to do so; but opinion polls showed that two thirds of Spaniards felt he should leave the throne. Modern monarchies are continuously held to account, in a range of different ways.
They are all regulated by law: as we have seen in the UK, in the Sovereign Grant Act , and the Succession to the Crown Act the latter making the rules of succession gender neutral, a change already made in all the other European monarchies except Spain.
They are subject to public funding, which can go down as well as up: the Spanish monarchy is the least well funded, in part because it is the least popular of all the European monarchies; and Prince Laurent of Belgium has had his allowance cut by the Belgian government.
They are subject to scrutiny in the media: alongside all the fawning coverage and glossy pictures, there is more serious investigative journalism which keeps all the monarchies on their toes, scrutinising their expenditure, their hunting trips, their choice of friends.
This final lesson, about the accountability of the monarchy, is the most important. Individual monarchs can be forced to abdicate; and support for the institution as a whole can be tested in a referendum.
During the twentieth century there were 18 referendums held on the monarchy in nine European countries.
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